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Hazard prediction (KYT) and the 20 practical A/B/C items

The practical part is 20 of the 50 items and has its own pass line (12 correct). This page explains how to read the picture, name the hazard and choose the safe action, with common situations and the order to act when something goes wrong.

Last updated: 2026-10-07

At a glance

20practical items, 12 correct needed
3steps: picture, hazard, safe action
5situation pairs to know
5steps in order after causing an accident

What is KYT

KYT stands for 危険予知（きけんよち）トレーニング, hazard prediction training: look at a situation and say in advance what could happen. The textbook for foreigners has a chapter on KYT, and the practical part (実技（じつぎ）) of the exam asks for exactly this way of thinking: each item has a situation or picture and three responses A, B and C.

Three steps for a practical item

Picture. Who or what could appear suddenly? Pedestrians, bicycles, two-wheelers, vehicles behind, oncoming vehicles, hidden spots.
Hazard. Name one specific hazard BEFORE reading the options, for example "a two-wheeler at the left rear gets caught".
Safe action. Which option prevents exactly that hazard by slowing, stopping, looking or giving way?

Naming the hazard first stops the three options from leading you. The answer is usually the safest and most rule-abiding action, not the fastest.

Five situation pairs to know

Situation	Action
Someone is crossing or about to cross at a crosswalk (横断歩道)	Stop fully before the crosswalk (一時停止)
Railway crossing (踏切)	Stop and look, even behind another vehicle
Left turn with a two-wheeler on the left	Watch for catching it, check the left and the left rear
Right turn with oncoming traffic	Wait and check; straight-going and left-turning vehicles have priority
Rain or snow (雨・雪)	Slow down and leave a longer gap because the road is slippery

Six families of wrong options

Wrong options tend to fall into six families: hurrying; pleasing the customer or the employer against the rules; over-reacting; skipping or shortening a check; trusting equipment instead of your own eyes; and assuming it will go your way. When you miss an item, note which family your chosen option belongs to and you will see which mistake you make most.

In an emergency: what comes first

After causing an accident: ① stop, help the injured and call 119; ② prevent a chain accident: move to a safe place, use hazard lights, a flare or a stop sign; ③ go to a safe place beyond the guardrail; ④ tell the police; ⑤ tell the company and take instructions.
Breakdown: hazard lights, slow down, do not switch off until fully stopped. On an expressway try to reach a service area, otherwise stop on the shoulder or an emergency bay and use the emergency phone.
Ambulance approaching: at or near an intersection, avoid the intersection, pull left and stop fully. Elsewhere, pull left and give way.

This is textbook content within the scope of the app. Always check the textbook and official guidance when needed.

How to practise

For each item: say the hazard in the picture aloud, think of the safe action, then read the options and name the family of each wrong one. Take the free mock exams and do not skip the practical part. See the exam structure to remember the part-by-part pass rule.

VIP unlocks exams 4 to 20, the full vocabulary book and the exam tips. VIP is bought inside the iOS app with Apple payment, and Apple shows the price. The App Store version is coming soon. You can try the free exams on the web now.

FAQ

What is KYT?

It is 危険予知トレーニング, hazard prediction training: look at a situation and say in advance what could happen. It is a chapter of the textbook and the way of thinking behind the practical part.

How many practical items are there and how many must I get right?

20 items with A/B/C choices, and at least 12 correct (60%). This part has its own pass line and is not added to theory.

Which option should I choose when unsure?

Choose the option that prevents the hazard you named by slowing, stopping, looking or giving way. That is usually the safest action, not the fastest.

What comes first after causing an accident?

According to the textbook content in the app: stop, help the injured and call 119, and only then prevent a chain accident, go to a safe place, tell the police and tell the company.

Take a mock exam and see right away which items you missed and why.

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